Linux ls command.

ls command Lists the files in the current directory, in alphanumeric order, except files starting with the “.” character.

LS(1)                                                   User Commands                                                   LS(1)



NAME
       ls - list directory contents

SYNOPSIS
       ls [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION
       List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default).  Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX
       nor --sort is specified.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -a, --all
              do not ignore entries starting with .

       -A, --almost-all
              do not list implied . and ..

       --author
              with -l, print the author of each file

       -b, --escape
              print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters

       --block-size=SIZE
              scale sizes by SIZE before printing them.  E.g., '--block-size=M' prints sizes in  units  of  1,048,576  bytes.
              See SIZE format below.

       -B, --ignore-backups
              do not list implied entries ending with ~

       -c     with  -lt:  sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime
              and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first

       -C     list entries by columns

       --color[=WHEN]
              colorize the output.  WHEN defaults to 'always' or can be 'never' or 'auto'.  More info below

       -d, --directory
              list directory entries instead of contents, and do not dereference symbolic links

       -D, --dired
              generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

       -f     do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color

       -F, --classify
              append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries

       --file-type
              likewise, except do not append '*'

       --format=WORD
              across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

       --full-time
              like -l --time-style=full-iso

       -g     like -l, but do not list owner

       --group-directories-first
              group directories before files.

              augment with a --sort option, but any use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping

       -G, --no-group
              in a long listing, don't print group names

       -h, --human-readable
              with -l, print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --si   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -H, --dereference-command-line
              follow symbolic links listed on the command line

       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir
              follow each command line symbolic link that points to a directory

       --hide=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN (overridden by -a or -A)

       --indicator-style=WORD
              append indicator with style WORD to entry names: none (default), slash (-p), file-type (--file-type),  classify
              (-F)

       -i, --inode
              print the index number of each file

       -I, --ignore=PATTERN
              do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

       -k, --kibibytes
              use 1024-byte blocks

       -l     use a long listing format

       -L, --dereference
              when  showing  file  information  for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather
              than for the link itself

       -m     fill width with a comma separated list of entries

       -n, --numeric-uid-gid
              like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs

       -N, --literal
              print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

       -o     like -l, but do not list group information

       -p, --indicator-style=slash
              append / indicator to directories

       -q, --hide-control-chars
              print ? instead of non graphic characters

       --show-control-chars
              show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)

       -Q, --quote-name
              enclose entry names in double quotes

       --quoting-style=WORD
              use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

       -r, --reverse
              reverse order while sorting

       -R, --recursive
              list subdirectories recursively

       -s, --size
              print the allocated size of each file, in blocks

       -S     sort by file size

       --sort=WORD
              sort by WORD instead of name: none -U, extension -X, size -S, time -t, version -v

       --time=WORD
              with -l, show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime -u, access -u, use -u, ctime -c, or  status  -c;
              use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

       --time-style=STYLE
              with  -l,  show  times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT.  FORMAT is interpreted like
              'date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1<newline>FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent  files;
              if STYLE is prefixed with 'posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

       -t     sort by modification time, newest first

       -T, --tabsize=COLS
              assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

       -u     with  -lt:  sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access
              time

       -U     do not sort; list entries in directory order

       -v     natural sort of (version) numbers within text

       -w, --width=COLS
              assume screen width instead of current value

       -x     list entries by lines instead of by columns

       -X     sort alphabetically by entry extension

       -Z, --context
              print any SELinux security context of each file

       -1     list one file per line

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       SIZE is an integer and optional unit (example: 10M is 10*1024*1024).  Units are K, M, G, T, P,  E,  Z,  Y  (powers  of
       1024) or KB, MB, ... (powers of 1000).

       Using color to distinguish file types is disabled both by default and with --color=never.  With --color=auto, ls emits
       color codes only when standard output is connected to a terminal.  The LS_COLORS environment variable can  change  the
       settings.  Use the dircolors command to set it.

   Exit status:
       0      if OK,

       1      if minor problems (e.g., cannot access subdirectory),

       2      if serious trouble (e.g., cannot access command-line argument).

AUTHOR
       Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.

REPORTING BUGS
       Report ls bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org
       GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
       Report ls translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT
       Copyright   ©   2013   Free   Software   Foundation,   Inc.    License   GPLv3+:   GNU   GPL   version   3   or  later
       <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent  permitted  by
       law.

SEE ALSO
       The  full  documentation for ls is maintained as a Texinfo manual.  If the info and ls programs are properly installed
       at your site, the command

              info coreutils 'ls invocation'

       should give you access to the complete manual.



GNU coreutils 8.21                                        March 2014                                                    LS(1)